Hungarian Language course

 Hungarian letters

We have some special vowels:
a is much more closed than in most other European languages, similar to "hot" or "dot"

is near to the usual "a" (as in "bar", "guy" etc.), but it's a bit longer

is similar to the first vowel in "make", "aim", etc.

is a long "i" (as in "teeth", "feed", etc.)

is a long "o" (as in "wall", "show", etc.)

is equal to the German, as in the English "sir", "her", etc.

is the long "ö", as "Böhm" or "schön" in German, or similar to the first syllable of "dirty"

is a long "u" (as in "new", "loop", etc.)

is equal to the German, as in French "vue", etc.

is the long "ü", as "Kühl" or "Tür" in German, or "allure" in French
The letters ("o" with double acute accents) and ("u" with double acute accents) can be found only in the Hungarian alphabet. 
It is very important to use the accents right. A word means something very different with/without accent. For example "koros" means old, "kóros" means diseased/pathological, "kórós" means something with weed.

and some special consonants:

c is like "ts" (like in "itsy-bitsy") or like German "z" (like in "Zahn"), it never becomes "k" or "s".
cs is like in "cheep", "chat", etc.
dz is "d"+"z"
dzs is "d"+"z"+"s", like in "jungle", "jive", etc.
gy is "g"+"y", soft "g", like in "during", "due", etc.
j is like "y" in English ("youth", "yogurt", etc.)
ly is "l"+"y", soft "l", almost equal to "j" ("youth", "yogurt", etc.)
ny is "n"+"y", soft "n", like in "new", etc.
s is like "sh" in English ("short", "shy", etc.)
sz is like "s" in English ("spam", "spy", etc.)
ty is "t"+"y", soft "t", like in English "Tudor", "tube", etc.
zs is "z"+"s", like in French "Jules", "Jacques", etc.

Double consonants are really pronounced long; if you see "tt", you should say "t+t". For long consonants, only the first character is doubled in writing: "sz"+"sz" = "ssz", "gy"+"gy" = "ggy". 

Finally, the accent is always on the first syllable when speaking. 

The most important words:
yes = igen
no/not = nem
Good morning! = Jó reggelt (kívánok)!
Good day! = Jó napot (kívánok)!
Good evening! = Jó estét (kívánok)!
Good night! = Jó éjszakát!
Good bye! = Viszlát!/Viszontlátásra!
Hi! (for one man) = Szia!
Hi! (for more than one person) = Sziasztok!
I understand = értem
I don't understand = nem értem
please = kérek/kérem
Thanks! = Kösz/köszi!
Thank you! = Köszönöm!
Thank you very much! = Köszönöm szépen!
Don't mention it!/My pleasure (as a reply for "Thank you") = Szívesen.
Excuse me! = Elnézést (kérek)!
I'm sorry! / I beg your pardon! = Bocsánat / Bocsánatot kérek!
Could you help me, please? = Tudna segíteni?
How much is it? = Mennyibe kerül?
help = segítség
where? = hol?
which way/in which direction? = merre?
when? = mikor?
how? = hogyan?
now = most
later = később
urgent = sürgős
day = nap
week = hét [derived from "seven" (days)]
month = hónap
morning (early) = reggel
morning (before noon) = délelőtt
noon = dél
afternoon = délután
evening = este
night = éjszaka
today = ma
tomorrow = holnap
the day after tomorrow = holnapután
yesterday = tegnap
the day before yesterday = tegnapelőtt
to eat = enni
to drink = inni
to sleep = aludni
square = tér
street = utca
road = út
museum = múzeum
post office = posta
travel office = utazási iroda
right/to right = jobb/jobbra
left/to left = bal/balra
straight = egyenesen
in front of = szemben
and = és

Numbers - számok:

0 nulla
1 egy
2 kettő (két)
3 három
4 négy
5 öt
6 hat
7 hét
8 nyolc
9 kilenc
10 tíz
20 húsz
30 harminc
40 negyven
50 ötven
60 hatvan
70 hetven
80 nyolcvan
90 kilencven
100 száz
1000 ezer
10^6 millió
10^9 milliárd
10^12 billió
10+x tizen...
11 tizenegy
12 tizenkettő
20+x huszon...
30+x harminc...
40+x negyven...
200 kétszáz
300 háromszáz
2000 kétezer
...
2197 kétezer-(egy)százkilencvenhét
Ordinal numbers - sorszámok:

1st első
2nd második
3rd harmadik
4th negyedik
5th ötödik
6th hatodik
7th hetedik
8th nyolcadik
9th kilencedik
10th tizedik
11th tizenegyedik
12th tizenkettedik
20th huszadik
100th századik
101st százegyedik
1000th ezredik
10^6 th milliomodik
2197th kétezer-(egy)százkilencvenhetedik

Pronouns - névmások:
the = a/az
a = egy
I én for me nekem with me velem
you te/ön for you neked/önnek with you veled/önnel
he/she ő for him/her neki with him/her vele
it (this) ez for it (this) ennek with it (this) ezzel
it (that) az for it (that) annak with it (that) azzal
we mi for us nekünk with us velünk
you ti/önök for you nektek/önöknek with you veletek/önökkel
they ők for them nekik with them velük
("te" = informal, "ön" = formal) 

Days of the week - a hét napjai:
Monday = hétfő
Tuesday = kedd
Wednesday = szerda
Thursday = csütörtök
Friday = péntek
Saturday = szombat
Sunday = vasárnap

Transport, traveling - közlekedés, utazás:
open = nyitva
closed = zárva
bus = (autó)busz
ship = hajó
tram = villamos
train = vonat
When does it leave? = Mikor indul?
When does it arrive? = Mikor érkezik?
Give me a ticket to ..., please. = Kérek egy jegyet ...re!
Give me a seat reservation to ..., please. = Kérek egy helyjegyet ...re!
(railway or coach) station = állomás
railway station (bigger) = pályaudvar
harbour = kikötő
airport = repülőtér
ticket office = pénztár
Where can I buy tickets? = Hol lehet jegyet váltani?
ticket = jegy
slow train = személyvonat
even slower train (post train) = postavonat
faster train = sebesvonat
express train = gyorsvonat
first-class = első osztály
second-class = másodosztály
porter = hordár
luggage = csomag
left-luggage = csomagmegőrző
lost&found = talált tárgyak (osztálya)
washroom, toilette = WC
entrance = bejárat
exit = kijárat
woman = nő
man = férfi
girl = lány
boy = fiú
parking garage = garázs
parking place = parkoló
gas station, filling station, garage = benzinkút
petrol, gas = benzin
unleaded = ólommentes
gas (diesel oil) = gázolaj/dízelolaj
oil = olaj
service station = szervíz
out of order = nem működik / üzemen kívül

Restaurant, food - vendéglő, élelmiszer:
restaurant = vendéglő/étterem
café = kávéház
sweet shop = cukrászda
menu = étlap
waiter = pincér
to pay = fizetni
soup = leves
meat = hús
pork = sertéshús
beef = marhahús
poultry = szárnyas/baromfi
chicken = csirke
fish = hal
salt water fish = tengeri hal
fillet/steak/slice = szelet
fried/grilled meat = sült hús
goulash = gulyás(leves)
garnish = köret
vegetable = zöldség
boiled vegetables as garnish = zöldségköret
vegetable-dish = főzelék
bean = bab
string beans = zöldbab
tomato = paradicsom
potato = burgonya/krumpli
cabbage = káposzta
green pepper = zöld paprika
lettuce = saláta [as vegetable]
salad = saláta [as food]
stuffed paprika = töltött paprika
fruit = gyümölcs
grape = szőlő
pear = körte
apple = alma
plum = szilva
peach = (őszi)barack
apricot = sárgabarack
watermelon = (görög)dinnye
melon = sárgadinnye
lemon = citrom
tart (cake) = torta
ice cream = fagylalt/jégkrém
pastry/cake = sütemény
juice = gyümölcslé
syrup = szörp
water = víz
mineral water = ásványvíz
beer = sör
wine = bor
schnaps = pálinka
cup = csésze
glass = pohár
bottle = üveg
milk = tej
yogurt = joghurt
coffee = kávé
tea = tea
bread = kenyér
toast = pirítós (kenyér)
roll/bun = zsemle
scrambled eggs = rántotta
boiled eggs (soft) = lágy tojás
boiled eggs (hard) = kemény tojás
ham = sonka
sausage = kolbász
frankfurter = virsli
butter = vaj
cheese = sajt
jam = gyümölcsíz/dzsem/lekvár
honey = méz
sugar = cukor
chocolate = csokoládé
salt = só
vinegar = ecet
mustard = mustár
red pepper = pirospaprika
black pepper = bors
onion = hagyma
Smoking - dohányzás:
Do not smoke!/Smoking is forbidden! = Tilos a dohányzás!
non-smoking = nemdohányzó
to smoke = dohányozni
match = gyufa
cigarette = cigaretta cigar = szivar
pipe = pipa tobacco = dohány

Post office - posta:
letter = levél
mail = levél / postai küldemény
registered mail = ajánlott levél
parcel = csomag
air mail = légiposta
telegram = távirat
stamp = bélyeg
postcard = levelezőlap
picture postcard = képeslap

Entertainment - szórakozás:
theatre = színház
Opera Theatre = Operaház
concert = hangverseny
cinema = mozi/filmszínház
ticket = jegy
free entrance = ingyen(es)
admission fee = belépődíj

Illness/emergency - betegség/baleset:
doctor = orvos
surgeon = sebész
pharmacy = gyógyszertár
hospital = kórház
ambulance = mentő
fire dept. = tűzoltóság
police = rendőrség